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| dr. Dedy Irawan, Sp.JP, a Lecturer at UMM's Faculty of Medicine (Photo: Special) |
Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In some cases, heart disease occurs after physical exercise. Is it true that exercise has a relationship with the occurrence of heart attacks? dr. Dedy Irawan, Sp.JP., a lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM), explains it. He states that it is indeed true that exercise is one of the factors that cause heart attacks.
This is because exercise is a physical activity that increases heart activity. However, it cannot be stated that exercise directly causes death. "It is important to note that not all exercises performed are done correctly. The type of exercise for a healthy individual differs from that for an unhealthy individual. Therefore, there are several things to consider when exercising," said Dedy.
Firstly, when exercising, one must choose activities that align with their abilities. Young individuals with strong and healthy bodies can engage in various exercises. This differs for individuals with a history of heart disease. Secondly, exercising should be regular and gradual. Initially, one should not immediately engage in strenuous exercise.
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"If we push ourselves beyond our physical capabilities during exercise, the heart may not cope, and this is one of the causes of a heart attack," he added.
Thirdly, it's essential to maintain hydration and proper nutrition. During exercise, individuals tend to lose a lot of fluids, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. If there's an electrolyte imbalance, it can disrupt the heart's rhythm and potentially cause a heart attack. Heart rhythm disturbance refers to irregular heartbeats.
"Lastly, another possible scenario is having other risk factors that lead to a person's death during exercise," he further explained.
Dedy mentioned that identifying the causes of heart attacks in Indonesia is challenging due to the lack of data. Unlike in other countries that have comprehensive patient data, especially data on deaths in athletes.
"There have been cases of athletes dying due to heart attacks, but not many. The causes can be due to heart rhythm disorders, structural heart issues, or other abnormalities like excessive medication consumption," clarified Dedy.
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Structural heart issues can involve conditions such as leaky heart valves, thickening of heart muscles, or swelling of heart muscles. These structural issues can be due to congenital factors or age-related factors. Other abnormalities that can trigger a heart attack include excessive medication intake, smoking, and an unhealthy lifestyle.
Dedy explained that individuals with heart disease who wish to exercise should undergo medical check-ups and tests, including a treadmill test with attached equipment. For example, an Electrocardiogram (EKG) might be recommended. Following this, a prescription abbreviated as FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Type, Time) is determined.
Frequency refers to how often one should exercise in a week ideally. Intensity pertains to the target heart rate during exercise. Type suggests which exercise suits the individual's condition. For instance, for those with heart disease, recommended exercises are slightly aerobic to increase heart rate.
Time indicates the ideal duration of exercise. Initially, exercising for about 30 minutes gradually increased to 40 minutes. The treadmill test assesses the initial capability, and this process is continuous and routine while gradually increasing intensity.
In conclusion, Dedy emphasizes that heart disease cannot be predicted and can occur anywhere. "Hence, Indonesian society should be adept at and practice Basic Life Support (BLS) to avoid confusion when dealing with individuals suddenly experiencing a heart attack," he concluded. (*dev/wil/fajr)
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